Efficiency of Bromelain-Enriched Enzyme Mixture (NexoBrid™) in the Treatment of Burn Wounds

Abstract

Background: The use of bromelain for the removal of eschar in deep burns is considered to be effective because it does not affect the unaffected skin and leaves a clean dermis after use. The main objective of this study is to find out whether bromelain is a good alternative to surgical debridement. In order to achieve that, we aim to evaluate its indications, limitations, and safety measures. Methods: The current study was conducted on a group of 30 patients with deep burn lesions, aged 20 to 56 years, from which 15 underwent enzymatic debridement and 15 patients acted as a control group in which primary surgical debridement was used. The mixture of enzymes enriched in bromelain, meant to dissolve burn eschar, was provided by NexoBrid™. The inclusion criteria were in agreement with the manufacturer’s protocols, but the application protocol was slightly modified in order to implement a better intern protocol and to assess its efficiency. Results: Complete eschar debridement was obtained in 13 of the 15 cases, from which 10 patients went through spontaneous healing and 3 needed to be covered with a skin graft. In the other 2 cases, partial eschar debridement was associated with surgical debridement and coverage with split-thickness skin graft in the same operation. The results obtained in the two groups were assessed with the Vancouver Scar Scale. Conclusions: Even though early excision followed by coverage with split-thickness skin graft remains the gold standard for the treatment of deep burns, enzymatic debridement can provide a series of advantages when the inclusion and exclusion criteria are respected. Bromelain is an alternative to surgical debridement that provides speed, tissue selectivity, safety, and less blood loss.