Affiliation:
1. Materials and Sustainability Group, Department of Engineering, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Avda. de las Universidades s/n, Dos Hermanas, 41704 Seville, Spain
Abstract
The growing interest in green ammonia production has spurred the development of new catalysts with the potential to carry out the Haber–Bosch process under mild pressure and temperature conditions. While there is a wide experimental background on new catalysts involving transition metals, supports and additives, the fundamentals behind ammonia synthesis performance on these catalysts remained partially unsolved. Here, we review the most important works developed to date and analyze the traditional catalysts for ammonia synthesis, as well as the influence of the electron transfer properties of the so-called 3rd-generation catalysts. Finally, the importance of metal–support interactions is highlighted as an effective pathway for the design of new materials with potential to carry out ammonia synthesis at low temperatures and pressures.
Funder
Universidad Loyola Andalucía
Subject
General Materials Science,General Chemical Engineering
Reference92 articles.
1. Alfa Laval HHTVSG (2020). Ammonfuel—An Industrial View of Ammonia as a Marine Fuel, Alfa Laval HHTVSG.
2. (2023, June 20). Ammonia Global Market Report 2023. Available online: https://www.reportlinker.com/p06323489/Ammonia-Global-Market-Report.html?utm_source=GNW.
3. Current and future role of Haber-Bosch ammonia in a carbon-free energy landscape;Smith;Energy Environ. Sci.,2020
4. Performance of a Small-Scale Haber Process;Reese;Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,2016
5. Recent progress towards mild-condition ammonia synthesis;Wang;J. Energy Chem.,2019