Affiliation:
1. Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
2. Department of Water Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
3. Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
Abstract
Large watercourses are characterised by significant spatial and temporal changes in water quality due to both natural and anthropogenic impacts. The paper analyses changes in the Danube’s spatial and seasonal water quality in its middle part at five monitoring stations for the period 2018–2022. Examined water quality parameters include oxygen saturation (Os), ammonium (N-NH4), pH, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3), orthophosphates (P-PO4), suspended solids (SS), electrical conductivity (EC), and water temperature (WT). Furthermore, the analysis took into account the influence of two additional factors: air temperature (AT) and discharge (D). Throughout the entire period under study, all parameters were characterised by low concentration values, which met the environmental objective of good ecological status. The use of multivariate statistical methods allowed for the identification of EC, N-NH4, WT, Os, SS, and N-NO3 as determining the greatest spatio-seasonal variability of water quality in a selected section of the Danube. Regression models determined WT, EC and nitrogen nitrate changes as depending on AT, flow, and exposure time. Knowing models not only gives a better understanding of the dynamics of changes in water quality in the stretch of the Danube under study but potentially allows the prediction of these parameters based on easily measurable environmental variables.
Funder
Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research activity
Reference88 articles.
1. United Nations (2015). Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/70/1), UN General Assembly. Available online: https://Sdgs.Un.Org/2030agenda.
2. Water Quality Deterioration as a Driver for River Restoration: A Review of Case Studies from Asia, Europe and North America;Schirmer;Environ. Earth Sci.,2015
3. Evaluation of the Ecochemical Status of the Danube in Serbia in Terms of Water Quality Parameters;Sci. World J.,2012
4. The Assessment of the Danube River Water Pollution in Serbia;Water Air Soil Pollut.,2017
5. EC (2000). Directive 2000/60/EC of 22 December 2000 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy. Off. J. Eur. Communities, 327, 1–72.