Mechanisms of Groundwater Damage to Overlying Rock in Goaf

Abstract

The discontinuation of pumping and drainage activities upon the cessation of mining operations leads to the gradual accumulation of groundwater. This inflow into mined-out areas affects the properties of the rock, disturbing the previously stable goaf and exacerbating instability. In this study, we advance an existing theoretical framework pertaining to the residual deformation of mines by delineating the mechanisms through which groundwater influences the degradation of the overlying strata in goaf areas. Using analogous material simulation experiments and rigorous theoretical analyses, we clarify the specific mechanisms by which groundwater causes structural damage to these regions. The deformation of overlying rock is divided into three different forms: the compressive deformation of rock, the sliding instability of rock, and the rotational instability of rock. The main contributions of this study are its refinement of the existing theory of the residual deformation of mines, an analysis of the damage mechanisms of groundwater, and suggestions regarding technical support for targeted treatment measures in affected mines.