Classification of Hot-Rolled Plates Using the Mahalanobis Distance of NMIs in Ti-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless-Steel Produced by Secondary Metallurgy

Abstract

Three charges of scrap-based, Ti-stabilized, Cr-Ni-Mo austenitic stainless steel in the form of hot-rolled steel plates were characterized. Based on automated metallographic analyses of representative microstructures, a quality characterization in terms of cleanliness of the hot-rolled steel plates was performed. Elevated contents of impurities, especially Pb, Bi, and oxygen, which affect the hot workability of stainless steels, were detected. The recycled FeTi-cored wire was the main source of the elevated levels of impurities detected in the hot-rolled, Ti-stabilized, stainless-steel plates. Related to this, elevated levels of nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs) and segregations were formed. The three charges were classified based on calculations of the Mahalanobis distance (MD) between the inclusions. The charge with the smallest number of nonmetallic inclusions was set as the reference class. The selection of outlier inclusions based on their MDs and their back-representation into ternary diagrams gave relevant metallurgical information about the abnormalities. The advantage of this technique is that the calculations of the MD and the threshold can be fully automated.