Plant Diversity Response to Environmental Factors in Yellow River Delta, China

Author:

Xu Zhen12ORCID,Li Renqiang12,Dou Wenjun34,Wen Hui5,Yu Shulin12,Wang Pan12,Ning Lehua12,Duan Jiaquan1ORCID,Wang Jichun5

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

3. Yantai Coastal Zone Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Yantai 264011, China

4. Observation and Research Station of Land-Sea Interaction Field in the Yellow River Estuary, Yantai 264004, China

5. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China

Abstract

Plant diversity plays a crucial role in maintaining the functionality of a community and providing essential ecosystem services. Studying the plant diversity and its response to environmental factors in the Yellow River Delta, China, as a newly formed coastal land, is beneficial for protecting plant diversity in coastal areas and maintaining ecosystem stability. In this study, 56 sites were sampled to investigate the diversity of shrubs and herbaceous plant community and its response to environmental factors. The results indicate that the plants growing in the Yellow River Delta are predominantly from the Poaceae and Asteraceae families, with dominant communities consisting of species such as Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, Setaria viridis, Imperata cylindrica, and Tamarix chinensis. The Shannon–Wiener index, Simpson diversity index, and Pielou’s evenness index exhibit average values of 0.34, 0.21, and 0.25, respectively, within the Yellow River Delta. These values collectively indicate a low diversity in the vegetation community, reflecting a relatively uncomplicated ecological structure in this area. Additionally, there were no significant differences in biodiversity indices under different soil formation times, but under different land cover types, the biodiversity index of cropland was significantly higher than that of impervious land. Soil salinity index exhibited a significant negative correlation with plant diversity (R2 = 0.279, p < 0.001) in the Yellow River Delta. Moreover, elevation (R2 = 0.247, p < 0.001) and temperature (R2 = 0.219, p < 0.001) showed significant positive effects on plant diversity. Regarding the ecological stoichiometry of plant elements, soil organic carbon exhibited a negative effect on the biodiversity index, while litter carbon showed a positive effect. This may be attributed to the unique topographical conditions and soil salinization in the Yellow River Delta. Our findings provide important references for the sustainable management of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta under conditions of soil salinization.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Project

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Comprehensive survey, monitoring and evaluation of natural resources in Yellow River Delta

Publisher

MDPI AG

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