Traces of Human-Mediated Selection in the Gene Pool of Red Deer Populations

Author:

Moravčíková Nina1,Kasarda Radovan1ORCID,Židek Radoslav1ORCID,McEwan John Colin2ORCID,Brauning Rudiger2,Landete-Castillejos Tomás3ORCID,Chonco Louis3ORCID,Ciberej Juraj4,Pokorádi Jaroslav5

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia

2. AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Research Centre, Mosgiel 9024, New Zealand

3. Instituto de Recursos Cinegéticos-Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain

4. Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia

5. Slovak Association of Deer Farming, 811 01 Bratislava, Slovakia

Abstract

In this study, we analysed the effect of human-mediated selection on the gene pool of wild and farmed red deer populations based on genotyping-by-sequencing data. The farmed red deer sample covered populations spread across seven countries and two continents (France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, New Zealand, Poland, and Slovakia). The Slovak and Spain wild red deer populations (the latter one in a large game estate) were used as control outgroups. The gene flow intensity, relationship and admixture among populations were tested by the Bayesian approach and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). The highest gene diversity (He = 0.19) and the lowest genomic inbreeding (FHOM = 0.04) found in Slovak wild population confirmed our hypothesis that artificial selection accompanied by bottlenecks has led to the increase in overall genomic homozygosity. The Bayesian approach and DAPC consistently identified three separate genetic groups. As expected, the farmed populations were clustered together, while the Slovak and Spanish populations formed two separate clusters. Identified traces of genetic admixture in the gene pool of farmed populations reflected a strong contemporary migration rate between them. This study suggests that even if the history of deer farming has been shorter than traditional livestock species, it may leave significant traces in the genome structure.

Funder

Slovak Research and Development Agency

UCLM project

UCLM plan

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology

Reference79 articles.

1. Apollonio, M., Andersen, R., and Putman, R. (2010). European Ungulates and Their Management in the 21st Century, Cambridge University Press.

2. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus);Ludt;Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.,2004

3. Late quaternary distribution dynamics and phylogeography of the red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Europe;Sommer;Quat. Sci. Rev.,2008

4. Phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Europe;Skog;J. Biogeogr.,2009

5. Mitochondrial DNA of pre-last glacial maximum red deer from NW Spain suggests a more complex phylogeographical history for the species;Campos;Ecol. Evol.,2017

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