A Spanish Survey on the Perioperative Use of Antimicrobials in Small Animals

Author:

Otero Balda Ignacio1,Fuertes-Recuero Manuel2ORCID,Penelo Hidalgo Silvia3,Espinel Rupérez Jorge4,Lapostolle Benoit5ORCID,Ayllón-Santiago Tania56ORCID,Ortiz-Díez Gustavo7ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Small Animal Surgery, Section of Small Animal Clinical Studies, University College Dublin, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland

2. Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

3. Hospitalization, Emergencies and Critical Care Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

4. School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia

5. Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain

6. Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

7. Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Appropriate use of perioperative antimicrobials can significantly reduce the risk of post-operative infections. However, inappropriate antimicrobial use can result in the creation of multidrug-resistant bacteria, increased costs, host flora disruption, side effects and increased risk of hospital-acquired infections. This survey evaluated the current perioperative use of antimicrobials in small animals by Spanish veterinarians using a web-based questionnaire. Responses were represented using descriptive statistics and a statistical analysis of the association between demographic data and perioperative antimicrobial use was performed. Pre-operative antimicrobials were administered in clean surgery by up to 68.3% of participants, 81.0% in clean-contaminated surgery and 71.3% in dirty surgery, while in the post-operative period, antimicrobials were administered by up to 86.3% of participants in clean surgery, 93.2% in clean-contaminated surgery and 87.5% in dirty surgery. Factors considered “very important” for antimicrobial selection were the degree of wound contamination, patient immunosuppression and use of prosthesis. The most frequently used antimicrobial was beta-lactamase-resistant (or potentiated) penicillin. Post-operative antimicrobial use was associated with participants without specific surgical postgraduate training. This study highlights an overuse of antimicrobials in perioperative procedures in small animal surgery in Spain. Therefore, evidence-based guidelines and further education regarding the correct use of antimicrobial prophylaxis are recommended.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology

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