Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Vitamin D-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Vitamin D

Published:2023-07-25 Issue:15 Volume:24 Page:11881
ISSN:1422-0067
Container-title:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
language:en
Short-container-title:IJMS

Author:

Durá-Travé Teodoro¹²^ORCID,Gallinas-Victoriano Fidel³

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain

2. Navarrabiomed (Biomedical Research Center), 31008 Pamplona, Spain

3. Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain

Abstract

Exclusive breastfeeding is considered the ideal food in the first six months of life; however, paradoxically, vitamin D content in human breast milk is clearly low and insufficient to obtain the recommended intake of 400 IU daily. This article summarizes the extraordinary metabolism of vitamin D during pregnancy and its content in human breast milk. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnant women and/or nursing mothers and its potential maternal–fetal consequences are analyzed. The current guidelines for vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women, nursing mothers, and infants to prevent hypovitaminosis D in breastfed infants are detailed. Low vitamin D content in human breast milk is probably related to active changes in human lifestyle habits (reduced sunlight exposure).

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/11881/pdf

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