Augmentation of Cathepsin Isoforms in Diabetic db/db Mouse Kidneys Is Associated with an Increase in Renal MARCKS Expression and Proteolysis

Abstract

The expression of the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) family of proteins in the kidneys plays an important role in the regulation of the renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and hence overall blood pressure regulation. The function of MARCKS is regulated by post-translational modifications including myristoylation, phosphorylation, and proteolysis. Proteases known to cleave both ENaC and MARCKS have been shown to contribute to the development of high blood pressure, or hypertension. Here, we investigated protein expression and proteolysis of MARCKS, protein expression of multiple protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, and protein expression and activity of several different proteases in the kidneys of diabetic db/db mice compared to wild-type littermate mice. In addition, MARCKS protein expression was assessed in cultured mouse cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD) cells treated with normal glucose and high glucose concentrations. Western blot and densitometric analysis showed less abundance of the unprocessed form of MARCKS and increased expression of a proteolytically cleaved form of MARCKS in the kidneys of diabetic db/db mice compared to wild-type mice. The protein expression levels of PKC delta and PKC epsilon were increased, while cathepsin B, cathepsin S, and cathepsin D were augmented in diabetic db/db kidneys compared to those of wild-type mice. An increase in the cleaved form of MARCKS was observed in mpkCCD cells cultured in high glucose compared to normal glucose concentrations. Taken together, these results suggest that high glucose may contribute to an increase in the proteolysis of renal MARCKS, while the upregulation of the cathepsin proteolytic pathway positively correlates with increased proteolysis of MARCKS in diabetic kidneys, where PKC expression is augmented.