Review of Marine Cyanobacteria and the Aspects Related to Their Roles: Chemical, Biological Properties, Nitrogen Fixation and Climate Change

Author:

El-Seedi Hesham R.1234,El-Mallah Mohamed F.4,Yosri Nermeen56,Alajlani Muaaz7ORCID,Zhao Chao8ORCID,Mehmood Muhammad A.9,Du Ming10,Ullah Hammad11ORCID,Daglia Maria111ORCID,Guo Zhiming6ORCID,Khalifa Shaden A. M.112,Shou Qiyang13

Affiliation:

1. International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

2. International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Education Department, Nanjing 210024, China

3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia

4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt

5. Chemistry Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (RIMAP), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt

6. China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Detection & Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

7. Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus 0100, Syria

8. College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

9. Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

10. School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China

11. Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy

12. Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Capio Saint Göran’s Hospital, Sankt Göransplan 1, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden

13. Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China

Abstract

Marine cyanobacteria are an ancient group of photosynthetic microbes dating back to 3.5 million years ago. They are prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. Over millions of years, natural selection has optimized their metabolites to possess activities impacting various biological targets. This paper discusses the historical and existential records of cyanobacteria, and their role in understanding the evolution of marine cyanobacteria through the ages. Recent advancements have focused on isolating and screening bioactive compounds and their respective medicinal properties, and we also discuss chemical property space and clinical trials, where compounds with potential pharmacological effects, such as cytotoxicity, anticancer, and antiparasitic properties, are highlighted. The data have shown that about 43% of the compounds investigated have cytotoxic effects, and around 8% have anti-trypanosome activity. We discussed the role of different marine cyanobacteria groups in fixing nitrogen percentages on Earth and their outcomes in fish productivity by entering food webs and enhancing productivity in different agricultural and ecological fields. The role of marine cyanobacteria in the carbon cycle and their outcomes in improving the efficiency of photosynthetic CO2 fixation in the chloroplasts of crop plants, thus enhancing the crop plant’s yield, was highlighted. Ultimately, climate changes have a significant impact on marine cyanobacteria where the temperature rises, and CO2 improves the cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Drug Discovery,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous),Pharmaceutical Science

Reference118 articles.

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