Abstract
Algae-based wastewater treatment technologies are promising green technologies with huge economical potential and environmental co-benefits. However, despite the immense research, work, and achievement, no publications were found wherein these technologies have been successfully applied in an operational environment for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of secondary treated effluent in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Based on a literature review and targeted comprehensive analysis, the paper seeks to identify the main reasons for this. The reliability (considering inlet wastewater quality variations, operating conditions and process control, algae harvesting method, and produced biomass) as well as the technology readiness level for five types of reactors are discussed. The review shows that the reactors with a higher level of control over the technological parameters are more reliable but algal post-treatment harvesting and additional costs are barriers for their deployment. The least reliable systems continue to be attractive for research due to the non-complex operation and relieved expenditure costs. The rotating biofilm systems are currently undertaking serious development due to their promising features. Among the remaining research gaps and challenges for all the reactor types are the identification of the optimal algal strains, establishment of technological parameters, overcoming seasonal variations in the effluent’s quality, and biomass harvesting.
Subject
Process Chemistry and Technology,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous),Bioengineering
Reference126 articles.
1. The European Green Deal. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regionshttps://www.arc2020.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/green-deal-clean.pdf
2. A New Circular Economy Action Plan for a Cleaner and More Competitive Europe. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regionshttps://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2020:98:FIN&WT.mc_id=Twitter
3. Algae in wastewater treatment;Oswald;Sew. Ind. Wastes,1957
4. Municipal wastewater treatment with pond technology: Historical review and future outlook
5. Selection and characterization of microalgae with potential for nutrient removal from municipal wastewater and simultaneous lipid production
Cited by
13 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献