Calcium Electrochemotherapy for Tumor Eradication and the Potential of High-Frequency Nanosecond Protocols

Author:

Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė Eivina12ORCID,Želvys Augustinas1ORCID,Mickevičiūtė Eglė3,Gečaitė Jovita1,Zinkevičienė Auksė1,Malyško-Ptašinskė Veronika2ORCID,Kašėta Vytautas3,Novickij Jurij2,Ivaškienė Tatjana1,Novickij Vitalij12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania

2. Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania

3. Department of Biomodels, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 11342 Vilnius, Lithuania

Abstract

Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is an innovative approach to treating cancer, involving the internalization of supraphysiological amounts of calcium through electroporation, which leads to cell death. CaEP enables the replacement of chemotherapeutics (e.g., bleomycin). Here, we present a standard microsecond (μsCaEP) and novel high-frequency nanosecond protocols for calcium electroporation (nsCaEP) for the elimination of carcinoma tumors in C57BL/6J mice. We show the efficacy of CaEP in eliminating tumors and increasing their survival rates in vivo. The antitumor immune response after the treatment was observed by investigating immune cell populations in tumors, spleens, lymph nodes, and blood, as well as assessing antitumor antibodies. CaEP treatment resulted in an increased percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells and decreased splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Moreover, increased levels of antitumor IgG antibodies after CaEP treatment were detected. The experimental results demonstrated that the administration of CaEP led to tumor growth delay, increased survival rates, and stimulated immune response, indicating a potential synergistic relationship between CaEP and immunotherapy.

Funder

Research Council of Lithuania grant

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science,Molecular Medicine

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