1. School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Permafrost Institute, China-Russia Joint Laboratory of Cold Regions Engineering and Environment, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
2. Scientific Observation and Research Station of Permafrost and Cold-Regions Environment in the Da Xing’anling Mountains, Northeast China, Natural Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150036, China
3. Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
4. Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
5. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
6. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
7. Da Xing’anling Observation and Research Station of Frozen Ground Engineering and Environment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiagedaqi 165000, China
8. Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, DK1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
9. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA