Performance Evaluation of a Dense MEMS-Based Seismic Sensor Array Deployed in the Sichuan-Yunnan Border Region for Earthquake Early Warning

Abstract

With the last decades of development, earthquake early warning (EEW) has proven to be one of the potential means for disaster mitigation. Usually, the density of the EEW network determines the performance of the EEW system. For reducing the cost of sensors and building a dense EEW network, an upgraded low-cost Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS)-based sensor named GL-P2B was developed in this research. This device uses a new high-performance CPU board and is built on a custom-tailored Linux 3.6.9 operating system integrating with seismological processing. Approximately 170 GL-P2Bs were installed and tested in the Sichuan-Yunnan border region from January 2017 to December 2018. We evaluated its performance on noise-level, dynamic range (DR), useful resolution (NU), collocated recording comparison, and shake map generation. The results proved that GL-P2B can be classified as a type of Class-B sensor. The records obtained are consistent with the data obtained by the collocated traditional force-balanced accelerometers even for stations with an epicenter distance of more than 150 km, and most of the relative percentage difference of peak ground acceleration (PGA) values is smaller than 10%. In addition, with the current density of the GL-P2B seismic network, near-real-time refined shake maps without using values derived for virtual stations could be directly generated, which will significantly improve the capability for earthquake emergency response. Overall, this MEMS-based sensor can meet the requirements of dense EEW purpose and lower the total investment of the National System for Fast Seismic Intensity Report and Earthquake Early Warning project.