The Long-Distance Transport of Some Plant Hormones and Possible Involvement of Lipid-Binding and Transfer Proteins in Hormonal Transport

Author:

Akhiyarova Guzel1,Finkina Ekaterina I.2,Zhang Kewei3,Veselov Dmitriy1,Vafina Gulnara1,Ovchinnikova Tatiana V.2ORCID,Kudoyarova Guzel1

Affiliation:

1. Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia

2. M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia

3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of 10 Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China

Abstract

Adaptation to changes in the environment depends, in part, on signaling between plant organs to integrate adaptive response at the level of the whole organism. Changes in the delivery of hormones from one organ to another through the vascular system strongly suggest that hormone transport is involved in the transmission of signals over long distances. However, there is evidence that, alternatively, systemic responses may be brought about by other kinds of signals (e.g., hydraulic or electrical) capable of inducing changes in hormone metabolism in distant organs. Long-distance transport of hormones is therefore a matter of debate. This review summarizes arguments for and against the involvement of the long-distance transport of cytokinins in signaling mineral nutrient availability from roots to the shoot. It also assesses the evidence for the role of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates in long-distance signaling of water deficiency and the possibility that Lipid-Binding and Transfer Proteins (LBTPs) facilitate the long-distance transport of hormones. It is assumed that proteins of this type raise the solubility of hydrophobic substances such as ABA and jasmonates in hydrophilic spaces, thereby enabling their movement in solution throughout the plant. This review collates evidence that LBTPs bind to cytokinins, ABA, and jasmonates and that cytokinins, ABA, and LBTPs are present in xylem and phloem sap and co-localize at sites of loading into vascular tissues and at sites of unloading from the phloem. The available evidence indicates a functional interaction between LBTPs and these hormones.

Funder

Russian Scientific Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

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