Screening Digitaria eriantha cv. Suvernola Endophytic Bacteria for Maize Growth Promotion

Abstract

The search for sustainable agriculture has increased interest in using endophytic bacteria to reduce fertilizer use and increase stress resilience. Stress-adapted plants are a potential source of these bacteria. Some species of these plants have not yet been evaluated for this, such as pangolão grass, from which we considered endophytic bacteria as potential plant growth promoters. Bacteria from the root, colm, leaves, and rhizospheric soil were isolated, and 132 strains were evaluated for their in vitro biological nitrogen fixation, IAA and siderophores production, and phosphate solubilization. Each mechanism was also assessed under low N availability, water stress, and low-solubility Fe and P sources in maize greenhouse experiments. All strains synthesized IAA; 63 grew on N-free media, 114 synthesized siderophores, and 46 solubilized P, while 19 presented all four mechanisms. Overall, these strains had better performance than commercial inoculant in all experiments. Still, in vitro responses were not good predictors of in vivo effects, which indicates that the former should not be used for strain selection, since this could lead to not testing strains with good plant growth promotion potential. Their heterologous growth promotion in maize reinforces the potential of stress-adapted plant species as potential sources of strains for inoculants.