Affiliation:
1. Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
2. Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
3. Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
Abstract
Plastics have inundated the world, with microplastics (MPs) being small particles, less than 5 mm in size, originating from various sources. They pervade ecosystems such as freshwater and marine environments, soils, and the atmosphere. MPs, due to their small size and strong adsorption capacity, pose a threat to plants by inhibiting seed germination, root elongation, and nutrient absorption. The accumulation of MPs induces oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in plants, which also impacts plant development, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, toxic accumulation, and metabolite production in plant tissues. Furthermore, roots can absorb nanoplastics (NPs), which are then distributed to stems, leaves, and fruits. As MPs and NPs harm organisms and ecosystems, they raise concerns about physical damage and toxic effects on animals, and the potential impact on human health via food webs. Understanding the environmental fate and effects of MPs is essential, along with strategies to reduce their release and mitigate consequences. However, a full understanding of the effects of different plastics, whether traditional or biodegradable, on plant development is yet to be achieved. This review offers an up-to-date overview of the latest known effects of plastics on plants.
Funder
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities
Subject
Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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