Effects of Cadmium, Thallium, and Vanadium on Photosynthetic Parameters of Three Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Varieties
Author:
Buendía-Valverde María de la Luz1, Gómez-Merino Fernando C.23ORCID, Corona-Torres Tarsicio4, Mateos-Nava Rodrigo Aníbal5, Trejo-Téllez Libia I.12ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Soil Science, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico 2. Department of Genetic Resources and Productivity-Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico 3. Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Department of Sustainable Agri-Food Innovation, Collaborative Research Group at College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Córdoba, Manuel León, Amatlán de los Reyes 94953, Mexico 4. Department of Genetic Resources and Productivity-Genetics, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico 5. Research Unit in Genetics and Environmental Toxicology (UIGTA), Multidisciplinary Experimental Research Unit (UMIE-ZAP 9-020), L5 PA Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus II, Mexico City 15000, Mexico
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a crucial process supporting life on Earth. However, unfavorable environmental conditions including toxic metals may limit the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, and the responses to those challenges may vary among genotypes. In this study, we evaluated photosynthetic parameters of the chili pepper varieties Jalapeño, Poblano, and Serrano exposed to Cd (0, 5, 10 µM), Tl (0, 6, 12 nM), and V (0, 0.75, 1.5 µM). Metals were added to the nutrient solution for 60 days. Stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (Pn/Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (instWUE), and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) were recorded. Mean Pn increased with 12 nM Tl in Serrano and with 0.75 µM V in Poblano. Tl and V increased mean Tr in all three cultivars, while Cd reduced it in Jalapeño and Serrano. Gs was reduced in Jalapeño and Poblano with 5 µM Cd, and 0.75 µM V increased it in Serrano. Ci increased in Poblano with 6 nM Tl, while 12 nM Tl reduced it in Serrano. Mean instWUE increased in Poblano with 10 µM Cd and 0.75 µM V, and in Serrano with 12 nM Tl, while 6 nM Tl reduced it in Poblano and Serrano. Mean iWUE increased in Jalapeño and Poblano with 5 µM Cd, in Serrano with 12 nM Tl, and in Jalapeño with 1.5 µM V; it was reduced with 6 nM Tl in Poblano and Serrano. Pn/Ci increased in Serrano with 5 µM Cd, in Jalapeño with 6 nM Tl, and in Poblano with 0.75 µM V. Interestingly, Tl stimulated six and inhibited five of the seven photosynthetic variables measured, while Cd enhanced three and decreased two variables, and V stimulated five variables, with none inhibited, all as compared to the respective controls. We conclude that Cd, Tl, and V may inhibit or stimulate photosynthetic parameters depending on the genotype and the doses applied.
Subject
Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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