Availability of Nitrogen in Soil for Irrigated Cotton Following Application of Urea and 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate-Coated Urea in Concentrated Bands

Author:

Pittaway Pamela A.1,Antille Diogenes L.12ORCID,Melland Alice R.1,Marchuk Serhiy1

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia

2. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Precinct, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

Abstract

Low nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency for irrigated cotton has been attributed to the limited ability of tap roots to access N from concentrated subsurface bands, or the preferential root uptake of microbially-mineralized dissolved organic N. This work investigated how applying high-rate banded urea affects the availability of N in soil and the capacity of cotton roots to take up N. Soil was analyzed for water-extractable total dissolved N and inorganic N species after urea or urea coated with 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) was applied at concentrations of 261, 455, 461, and 597 mg N kg−1 of (air-dry) soil (mean bulk density: 1.01 g cm−3). A mass balance was used to compare N applied as fertilizer and in unfertilized soil (supplied N) with the N recovered from soil within the cylinders (recovered N) at five plant growth phases. Root uptake was estimated by comparing ammonium-N (NH4-N) and nitrate-N (NO3-N) in soil sampled from within cylinders with soil sampled from immediately outside. Recovered N was up to 100% above supplied N within 30 days of applying urea above 261 mg N kg−1 of soil. Significantly lower NO3-N in soil sampled from immediately outside the cylinders suggests urea application stimulates cotton root uptake. The use of DMPP-coated urea prolonged high NH4-N in soil and inhibited the mineralization of released organic N. These results imply the release of previously sequestered soil organic N within 30 days of applying concentrated urea enhances the availability of NO3-N in the rhizosphere, reducing N fertilizer use efficiency.

Funder

More Profit from Nitrogen Program

Australian Government’s Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment

Cotton Research and Development Corporation, Australian Government

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference64 articles.

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4. Antille, D.L., Macdonald, B.C.T., Farrell, M., Weaver, T., Bailey, T., and Robinson, N. (2023, January 23). Improving the Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Cotton Crops through Better Understanding the Role of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen, Available online: https://www.crdc.com.au/publications.

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