Accumulation of Toxic Arsenic by Cherry Radish Tuber (Raphanus sativus var. sativus Pers.) and Its Physiological, Metabolic and Anatomical Stress Responses

Author:

Pavlíková Daniela1,Pavlík Milan12,Zemanová Veronika1ORCID,Novák Milan1,Doležal Petr1ORCID,Dobrev Petre I.3ORCID,Motyka Václav3ORCID,Kraus Kamil4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic

2. Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic

3. Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic

4. Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

In a pot experiment, cherry radish (Raphanus sativus var. sativus Pers. ‘Viola’) was cultivated under two levels of As soil contamination—20 and 100 mg/kg. The increasing As content in tubers with increasing soil contamination led to changes in free amino acids (AAs) and phytohormone metabolism and antioxidative metabolites. Changes were mainly observed under conditions of high As contamination (As100). The content of indole-3-acetic acid in tubers varied under different levels of As stress, but As100 contamination led to an increase in its bacterial precursor indole-3-acetamide. A decrease in cis-zeatin-9-riboside-5′-monophosphate content and an increase in jasmonic acid content were found in this treatment. The free AA content in tubers was also reduced. The main free AAs were determined to be transport AAs (glutamate—Glu, aspartate, glutamine—Gln, asparagine) with the main portion being Gln. The Glu/Gln ratio—a significant indicator of primary N assimilation in plants—decreased under the As100 treatment condition. A decrease in antioxidative metabolite content—namely that of ascorbic acid and anthocyanins—was observed in this experiment. A decline in anthocyanin content is related to a decrease in aromatic AA content which is crucial for secondary metabolite production. The changes in tubers caused by As contamination were reflected in anatomical changes in the radish tubers and roots.

Funder

Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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