Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities of Three Essential Oils Collected from Eastern Morocco (Origanum compactum, Salvia officinalis, and Syzygium aromaticum): A Comparative Study
Author:
Loukili El Hassania12ORCID, Ouahabi Safae1ORCID, Elbouzidi Amine3ORCID, Taibi Mohamed23ORCID, Yahyaoui Meryem Idrissi4, Asehraou Abdeslam4, Azougay Abdellah5, Saleh Asmaa6, Al Kamaly Omkulthom6ORCID, Parvez Mohammad Khalid7ORCID, El Guerrouj Bouchra2ORCID, Touzani Rachid1ORCID, Ramdani Mohammed1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco 2. Centre de l’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (COSTEE), Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco 3. Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco 4. Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco 5. Laboratory of Applied Geosciences (LGA), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco 6. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia 7. Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Throughout history, essential oils have been employed for their pleasing scents and potential therapeutic benefits. These oils have shown promise in various areas, including aromatherapy, personal care products, natural remedies, and even as alternatives to traditional cleaning agents or pest control solutions. The study aimed to explore the chemical makeup, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of Origanum compactum Benth., Salvia officinalis L., and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry. Initially, the composition of the three essential oils, O. compactum (HO), S. officinalis (HS), and S. aromaticum (HC) was analyzed using GC-MS technology, revealing significant differences in the identified compounds. α-thujone emerged as the predominant volatile component in the oils, making up 78.04% of the composition, followed by eugenol, which constituted 72.66% and 11.22% of the HC and HO oils, respectively. To gauge antioxidant capabilities, tests involving DPPH scavenging capacity and total antioxidant capacity were conducted. Antioxidant activity was determined through the phosphomolybdate test and the DPPH• radical scavenging activity, with the HO essential oil displaying significant scavenging capacity (IC50 of 0.12 ± 0.02 mg/mL), similar to ascorbic acid (IC50 of 0.26 ± 0.24 mg/mL). Similarly, the TAC assay for HO oil revealed an IC50 of 1086.81 ± 0.32 µM AAE/mg. Additionally, the oils’ effectiveness against four bacterial strains, namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, and five fungi, Geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans, was tested in vitro. The examined essential oils generally exhibited limited antimicrobial effects, with the exception of HC oil, which demonstrated an exceptionally impressive level of antifungal activity. In order to clarify the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal effects of the identified plant compounds, we employed computational methods, specifically molecular docking. This technique involved studying the interactions between these compounds and established protein targets associated with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.
Subject
Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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