Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds in Strawberry Genotypes over the Harvest Period

Abstract

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) over the harvest period have been assessed in twenty-five strawberry genotypes cultivated in western Greece. Using liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–-MS), twenty-eight volatiles were monitored at early (T1) and mid-harvest (T3) time points to investigate the effect of the genotype and harvest time on strawberry volatilome. A quantitative impact of both harvest date and genotype on VOCs associated with aroma was demonstrated, with the most significant VOCs being terpenes, esters, and acids, followed by lactones and furanones. Harvest date was crucial for terpenoid and phenylpropanoid content, and important for esters, short-chain acids, and lactones. Six out of the twenty-five genotypes (four commercial varieties, including ‘Rociera’, ‘Victory’, ‘Leyre’, and ‘Inspire’, and two advanced selection genotypes (G2 and G8) were evaluated at two additional time points, covering the entire harvest season. The volatile levels were higher in fruits harvested at early stages (T1–T2) for most of the genotypes examined. The G2 genotype turned out to have a less ample but more stable volatile profile throughout harvesting, while ‘Victory’, ‘Leyre’, and ‘Inspire’ exhibited less abrupt changes than ‘Rociera’. This study demonstrates that the determination of VOCs provides significant information regarding the differences in strawberry genotypes related to aroma and enables the selection of genotypes based on specific VOCs content and/or volatile stability over the harvest period. Furthermore, this study pinpoints that growers could opt for optimal harvest dates based on the genotypes and the VOC content.