Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase (ACS) Gene Family in Chenopodium quinoa

Author:

Yin Lu1,Zhang Xia1ORCID,Gao Aihong1,Cao Meng1,Yang Dongdong1,An Kexin1,Guo Shanli234,Yin Haibo1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China

2. College of Grassland Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China

3. High-Efficiency Agricultural Technology Industry Research Institute of Saline and Alkaline Land of Dongying, Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257300, China

4. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China

Abstract

Ethylene plays an important role in plant development and stress resistance. The rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS). C. quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an important food crop known for its strong tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, knowledge regarding the ACS gene family in C. quinoa remains restricted. In this study, we successfully identified 12 ACS genes (CqACSs) from the C. quinoa genome. Through thorough analysis of their sequences and phylogenetic relationships, it was verified that 8 out of these 12 CqACS isozymes exhibited substantial resemblance to ACS isozymes possessing ACS activity. Furthermore, these eight isozymes could be categorized into three distinct groups. The four remaining CqACS genes grouped under category IV displayed notable similarities with AtACS10 and AtACS12, known as amido transferases lacking ACS activity. The CqACS proteins bore resemblance to the AtACS proteins and had the characteristic structural features typically observed in plant ACS enzymes. Twelve CqACS genes were distributed across 8 out of the 18 chromosomes of C. quinoa. The CqACS genes were expanded from segment duplication. Many cis-regulatory elements related with various abiotic stresses, phytohormones, and light were found. The expression patterns of ACS genes varied across different tissues of C. quinoa. Furthermore, the analysis of gene expression patterns under abiotic stress showed that CqACS genes can be responsive to various stresses, implying their potential functions in adapting to various abiotic stresses. The findings from this research serve as a foundation for delving deeper into the functional roles of CqACS genes.

Funder

Science & Technology Specific Projects in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta

“Bohai Sea Granary” Science and Technology Demonstration Project of Shandong Provincial

Yantai City School and Local Integration Development Project

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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