Hormetic Effect Caused by Sublethal Doses of Glyphosate on Toona ciliata M. Roem
Author:
de Faria Giselle Santos1ORCID, Carlos Leandro1ORCID, Jakelaitis Adriano1ORCID, de Freitas Samylla Tassia Ferreira1ORCID, Vicentini Taíza Andressa2ORCID, Silva Igor Olacir Fernandes1ORCID, Vasconcelos Filho Sebastião Carvalho2ORCID, Lourenço Lucas Loram2ORCID, Farnese Fernanda Santos2ORCID, Batista Marco Aurélio3ORCID, Vitorino Luciana Cristina2ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil 2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil 3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, BR-153, Km 99, Qd. Área, Km 99, Campus Bairro São João, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the response of Toona ciliata seedlings to sublethal doses of glyphosate. The increasing use of glyphosate in agriculture concerns the scientific community, as the drift of this pollutant into aquatic systems or atmospheric currents can affect non-target species. Therefore, we need to understand how non-target species respond to small doses of this herbicide. T. ciliata seedlings (clone BV-1110) were exposed to sublethal doses of glyphosate (0, 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 76.8 g ae ha−1). Anatomical, physiological, and photochemical analyses were performed 60 days after herbicide application, and growth assessments were carried out after 160 days of cultivation. We found that sublethal doses of glyphosate above 19.2 g ae ha−1 induced toxicity symptoms in Toona ciliata leaves. These symptoms were mild in some cases, such as chlorosis, but severe in other cases, such as tissue necrosis. We observed a positive relationship between increased plant height and photochemical yield with plant exposure to sub-doses 9.6 and 19.2 g ae ha−1. A sublethal dose of 38.4 g ae ha−1 improved the photosynthetic rate and carboxylation efficiency. Thus, we confirmed the hypothesis of a hormetic effect when T. ciliata was exposed to sub-doses of glyphosate equal to or lower than 38.4 g ae ha−1. However, the sublethal dose of 76.8 g ae ha−1 must be considered toxic, impacting photosynthetic activity and, consequently, the height of T. ciliata. The stem diameter of T. ciliata responded positively to increasing glyphosate doses. This occurs to compensate for the negative effect of glyphosate on water absorption. Further research will provide valuable information for harnessing the potential benefits of hormesis to improve the productivity of T. ciliata.
Subject
Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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