Affiliation:
1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
2. Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
Abstract
Lichen metabolites represent a wide range of substances with a variety of biological effects. The present study was designed to analyze the potential antiproliferative, antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of several extracts from lichens (Pseudevernia furfuracea, Lobaria pulmonaria, Cetraria islandica, Evernia prunastri, Stereocaulon tomentosum, Xanthoria elegans and Umbilicaria hirsuta) and their secondary metabolites (atranorin, physodic acid, evernic acid and gyrophoric acid). The crude extract, as well as the isolated metabolites, showed potent antiproliferative, cytotoxic activity on a broad range of cancer cell lines in 2D (monolayer) and 3D (spheroid) models. Furthermore, antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) and in vitro antimicrobial activities were assessed. Data showed that the lichen extracts, as well as the compounds present, possessed biological potential in the studied assays. It was also observed that the extracts were more efficient and their major compounds showed strong effects as antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial agents. Moreover, we demonstrated the 2D and 3D models’ importance to drug discovery for further in vivo studies. Despite the fact that lichen compounds have been neglected by the scientific community for long periods, nowadays they are objects of investigation based on their promising effects.
Funder
Grant Agency of the Ministry of the Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic
Slovak Research and Development Agency
Operational Programme Integrated Infrastructure, funded by the ERDF
Subject
Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Cited by
7 articles.
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