1. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
2. Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
3. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom 6132501, Egypt
4. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, MTI University, Cairo 4410240, Egypt