Linking Rhizosphere Soil Aggregates with Belowground and Aboveground Plant Traits

Abstract

Rhizosphere soil ecosystems are represented by the diversity of different soil aggregate-size classes, such as large macroaggregates, small macroaggregates, mesoaggregates, and microaggregates. Though these aggregate-size classes represent distinct biological, chemical, and physical properties, little is known about their dynamics and relationships with belowground and aboveground plant traits. In this study, we examined the relationships of various soil aggregate-size classes and their organic carbon contents with many aboveground and belowground soybean plant traits. Our study revealed several novel and interesting relationships between soil structural properties and plant traits. Notably, small macroaggregates represented a major portion of the rhizosphere soil ecosystem of soybean plants while organic carbon contents decreased with decreasing size of soil aggregates. Only microaggregates showed a significant relationship with root architectural traits, such as length and surface area. Among all soil aggregate size classes, the abundance of small macroaggregates and the organic carbon contents of microaggregates were better correlated with plant traits. In general, organic carbon contents of different soil aggregate-size classes showed positive correlations with leaf trichome density (defense traits) and major macronutrients, such as root P, K, and S contents; while there were mostly negative correlations with some micronutrient (Ca, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, and Mg) contents of roots and shoots. However, the abundance of small macroaggregates mostly positively correlated with the mineral contents of plant roots and shoots. Collectively, the positive and negative correlations of organic carbon contents of different soil aggregate-size classes with trichomes (defense) and physiological traits (micro-mineral contents) suggest their significance in plant nutrition and defense. Though our results suggest the relationships of soil aggregate properties with aboveground and belowground traits, further research is needed to discern the role of soil structural traits in mediating plant growth, development, defense, and physiology.