Implementation of Biocontrol Macro-Organisms in France

Author:

Baratange Marion1,Cardoso Johana1,Robin Diane C.1,Marchand Patrice A.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institut de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation Biologiques (ITAB), Pôle Intrants et Biosolutions, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75012 Paris, France

Abstract

The use of macro-organisms for crop protection is one of the four pillars of biocontrol. These predators or parasitoids of crop pests are used, by introduction or conservation, in fields, greenhouses and orchards in order to reduce the impact of sucking (sap-feeding) or chewing (phytophagous) insects. However, plant protection is not the only usage of these macro-organisms, and the category was recently expanded to include global usefulness for plants in Europe. Since 2012, under the provisions of Articles L. 258-1 and -2, R. 258-1 of the French Rural and Maritime fishing Code (CRPM), and Decree no. 2012-140 of 30 January 2012, the introduction of non-indigenous macro-organisms has been regulated. Using all published national regulations, organism lists and outcomes from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), we have characterized these indigenous and allowed non-indigenous macro-organisms in a systemic and complete way. After first studying these regulations and their impact in 2018, we analyze here the macro-organisms involved and their implementation regarding their origins, targets and applications in crop growth and protection.

Funder

Ministry for Ecological Transition, via the French Biodiversity Agency

ASDAR core endowment of our institute

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

Reference37 articles.

1. Robin, D.C., Merlet, L., and Marchand, P.A. (2023). Biocontrol of plant disease. In Recent Advance and Prospects in Plant Protection, Ecosystems and Environment, Environments, Natural or Anthropogenic Pressures, ISTE-Wilez. Chapter 1.

2. Biocontrol active substances: Evolution since the entry in vigour of Reg. 1107/2009;Robin;Pest Manag. Science,2019

3. Légifrance (2023). Avis aux opérateurs économiques relatif à la publication de la liste des macro-organismes utiles aux végétaux autorisés pour l’introduction dans l’environnement en France. J. Off. République Française, 70, 169. Available online: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000047226582.

4. European Union (2023, May 27). Use of Biological Control Agents (Macro-Organisms) against Plant Pests—Policy Debate (4 March 2021), Available online: https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/EU/XXVII/EU/05/26/EU_52680/imfname_11048480.pdf.

5. European Union (2016). Regulation (EU). 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases and amending and repealing certain acts in the area of animal health (‘Animal Health Law’). Off. J. Eur. Union, L84, 1. Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0429.

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