XOR-Based (n, n) Visual Cryptography Schemes for Grayscale or Color Images with Meaningful Shares

Abstract

XOR-based Visual Cryptography Scheme (XOR-based VCS) is a method of secret image sharing. The principle of XOR-based VCS is to encrypt a secret image into several encrypted images, called shares. No information about the secret can be obtained from any of the shares, and after applying the logical XOR operation to stack these shares, the original secret image can be recovered. In this paper, we present a new XOR-based VCS for grayscale or a color secret image. This scheme encrypts the secret grayscale (or color) image into n meaningful grayscale (or color) shares, which can import n difference cover images. After stacking n shares using the XOR operation, the original secret image can be completely restored. Both the theoretical proof and experimental results show that our method is accurate and efficient. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the only scheme that currently provides this functionality for grayscale and color secret images.