Migraine and Stroke: A Scoping Review

Abstract

An increased risk of ischemic stroke in migraine with aura (MA) has been consistently demonstrated. The pathophysiology of risk factors is not yet well understood. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the association between MA and ischemic stroke including decreased focal cerebral blood flow and other phenomena linked with cortical spreading depression (CSD) as well as neurovascular pathology, which appear to play a key role in MA. In addition to genetic predisposition, other classic stroke risk factors such as atrial fibrillation, emboli, migraine-associated vasculopathy, endothelial dysfunction, platelet dysfunction, coagulation pathway abnormalities, and inflammatory factors have been examined and investigated. For further clarification, distinctions have been made between features of migrainous infarctions and non-migrainous infarctions among migraineurs. Furthermore, the association is less clear when considering the mixed results studying the risk of ischemic stroke in migraines without aura (MO) and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in people with all types of migraine. Translational research is investigating the role of biomarkers which can help identify vascular links between stroke and migraine and lead to further treatment developments. We performed a scoping review of the PubMed database to further characterize and update the clinical connections between migraine and stroke.