Low-Complexity Pupil Tracking for Sunglasses-Wearing Faces for Glasses-Free 3D HUDs

Author:

Kang DongwooORCID,Chang Hyun SungORCID

Abstract

This study proposes a pupil-tracking method applicable to drivers both with and without sunglasses on, which has greater compatibility with augmented reality (AR) three-dimensional (3D) head-up displays (HUDs). Performing real-time pupil localization and tracking is complicated by drivers wearing facial accessories such as masks, caps, or sunglasses. The proposed method fulfills two key requirements: low complexity and algorithm performance. Our system assesses both bare and sunglasses-wearing faces by first classifying images according to these modes and then assigning the appropriate eye tracker. For bare faces with unobstructed eyes, we applied our previous regression-algorithm-based method that uses scale-invariant feature transform features. For eyes occluded by sunglasses, we propose an eye position estimation method: our eye tracker uses nonoccluded face area tracking and a supervised regression-based pupil position estimation method to locate pupil centers. Experiments showed that the proposed method achieved high accuracy and speed, with a precision error of <10 mm in <5 ms for bare and sunglasses-wearing faces for both a 2.5 GHz CPU and a commercial 2.0 GHz CPU vehicle-embedded system. Coupled with its performance, the low CPU consumption (10%) demonstrated by the proposed algorithm highlights its promise for implementation in AR 3D HUD systems.

Funder

Hongik University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science

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