Emissions Control of Hydrochloric and Fluorhydric Acid in cement Factories from Romania

Abstract

From the available statistical data, cement factories co-process a range of over 100 types of waste (sorted both industrial and household) being authorized for their use as combustion components in clinker ovens. Therefore, the level of emissions is different depending on the type of fuels and waste used. The amount of industrial and municipal co-processed waste in the Romanian cement industry from 2004 to 2013 was about 1,500,000 tons, the equivalent of municipal waste generated in a year for 18 cities with over 250,000 inhabitants. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the emission level of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) at the clinker kilns at two cement factories in Romania for different annual time intervals and to do a comparative analysis, to estimate their compliance with legislation in force. The measurements results showed average emission levels of about 0.578 mg/Nm3 for HCl and about 0.100 mg/Nm3 for HF, in the first hours of the evening, but decreased at the beginning of the third tour, at about 0.385 mg/Nm3 for HCl, respectively, to about 0.085 mg/Nm3 for HF. The evolution of HCl and HF emission levels during the last 4 years showed a variable distribution of these acids.