Immature Teratoma: Diagnosis and Management—A Review of the Literature

Abstract

An immature teratoma is a germinal malignant tumor composed of three germ cell layers, occurring more frequently in young women. It is the second most frequent among the malignant germinal tumors after dysgerminoma, and it is the only neoplasm with germ cells that are histologically graded. Even if we do not have a consensus regarding its therapeutical management, it has a good prognosis, with an excellent overall survival rate and good fertility preservation. More studies are needed regarding the necessity of adjuvant chemotherapy in pediatric oncology, and because of chemotherapy’s long-term adverse effects, surveillance or a targeted treatment is preferred, but the main therapy is fertility-sparing surgery. Special attention should be given to the genetic mapping of the histological pieces for patient risk stratification due to its value in prognosis and future treatment.