Point-of-Care Testing for Infectious Diseases Based on Class 2 CRISPR/Cas Technology

Abstract

The early detection of infectious diseases and microorganisms is critical for effective disease treatment, control, and prevention. Currently, nucleic acid testing and antigen–antibody serum reaction are the two methods most commonly used for the detection of infectious diseases. The former is highly accurate, specific, and sensitive, but it is time-consuming, expensive, and has special technician and instrument requirements. The latter is rapid and economical, but it may not be accurate and sensitive enough. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a quick and on-site diagnostic test for point-of-care testing (POCT) to enable the clinical detection of infectious diseases that is accurate, sensitive, convenient, cheap, and portable. Here, CRISPR/Cas-based detection methods are detailed and discussed in depth. The powerful capacity of these methods will facilitate the development of diagnostic tools for POCT, though they still have some limitations. This review explores and highlights POCT based on the class 2 CRISPR/Cas assay, such as Cas12 and Cas13 proteins, for the detection of infectious diseases. We also provide an outlook on perspectives, multi-application scenarios, clinical applications, and limitations for POCT based on class 2 CRISPR/Cas technology.