Affiliation:
1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute “Jožef Stefan”, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
2. DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, India
3. RCB-Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with chemical and structural diversity have piqued the interest of the scientific community due to their superior photonic, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic capabilities that distinguish them from their bulk counterparts. Among these 2D materials, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides with a general chemical formula of Mn+1XnTx (where n = 1–3), together known as MXenes, have gained tremendous popularity and demonstrated competitive performance in biosensing applications. In this review, we focus on the cutting-edge advances in MXene-related biomaterials, with a systematic summary on their design, synthesis, surface engineering approaches, unique properties, and biological properties. We particularly emphasize the property–activity–effect relationship of MXenes at the nano–bio interface. We also discuss the recent trends in the application of MXenes in accelerating the performance of conventional point of care (POC) devices towards more practical approaches as the next generation of POC tools. Finally, we explore in depth the existing problems, challenges, and potential for future improvement of MXene-based materials for POC testing, with the goal of facilitating their early realization of biological applications.
Funder
projects ARRS
Science and Engineering Research Board
Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi
Department of Biotechnology
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