Validating the Accuracy of a Patient-Facing Clinical Decision Support System in Predicting Lumbar Disc Herniation: Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Abstract

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability globally, and the diagnosis of LBP is challenging for clinicians. Objective: Using new software called Therapha, this study aimed to assess the accuracy level of artificial intelligence as a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) compared to MRI in predicting lumbar disc herniated patients. Methods: One hundred low back pain patients aged ≥18 years old were included in the study. The study was conducted in three stages. Firstly, a case series was conducted by matching MRI and Therapha diagnosis for 10 patients. Subsequently, Delphi methodology was employed to establish a clinical consensus. Finally, to determine the accuracy of the newly developed software, a cross-sectional study was undertaken involving 100 patients. Results: The software showed a significant diagnostic accuracy with the area under the curve in the ROC analysis determined as 0.84 with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 80%. Conclusions: The study’s findings revealed that CDSS using Therapha has a reasonable level of efficacy, and this can be utilized clinically to acquire a faster and more accurate screening of patients with lumbar disc herniation.