FSTL1 Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by Inhibiting M2-like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Recruitment toward the Lungs

Author:

Yang Ying1ORCID,Lu Tao1,Jia Xiaowei12ORCID,Gao Yan12

Affiliation:

1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China

2. Department of Human Anatomy, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You’anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China

Abstract

Immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment is associated with cancer prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages play essential roles in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), a widely expressed glycoprotein in human and mouse tissues, is a tumor suppressor in various cancers and a regulator of macrophage polarization. However, the mechanism by which FSTL1 affects crosstalk between breast cancer cells and macrophages remains unclear. By analyzing public data, we found that FSTL1 expression was significantly low in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues, and high expression of FSTL1 in patients indicated prolonged survival. Using flow cytometry, we found that total and M2-like macrophages dramatically increased in the metastatic lung tissues during breast cancer lung metastasis in Fstl1+/− mice. Transwell assay in vitro and q-PCR experimental results showed that FSTL1 inhibited macrophage migration toward 4T1 cells by decreasing CSF1, VEGF-α, and TGF-β secretion in 4T1 cells. We demonstrated that FSTL1 inhibited M2-like tumor-associated macrophage recruitment toward the lungs by suppressing CSF1, VEGF-α, and TGF-β secretion in 4T1 cells. Therefore, we identified a potential therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer.

Funder

Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Clinical Biochemistry

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