Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) has become a common health issue in medical practice. There are no detailed data on IR prevalence, but it is an increasing problem due to its close association with obesity. However, IR is not considered as a separate nosological entity and the diagnostic criteria are not well defined, which leads to overdiagnosis of IR and an inappropriate approach. This review aims to summarize the available literature on IR pathophysiology, its relationship with obesity, as well as diagnostic methods, clinical presentation and treatment. Excessive energy intake results in cell overload that triggers mechanisms to protect cells from further energy accumulation by reducing insulin sensitivity. Additionally, hypertrophied adipocytes and macrophage infiltration causes local inflammation that may result in general inflammation that induces IR. The clinical picture varies from skin lesions (e.g., acanthosis nigricans) to metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. There are numerous IR laboratory markers with varying sensitivities and specificities. Nutrition changes and regular physical activity are crucial for IR management because a reduction in adipose tissue may reverse the inflammatory state and consequently reduce the severity of insulin resistance. In cases of obesity, anti-obesity medications can be used.
Reference52 articles.
1. A Simple and Improved Predictor of Insulin Resistance Extracted From the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: The I0*G60
2. Insulin Resistance, Obesity and Lipotoxicity
3. Insulin Resistance: Definition and Clinical Spectrum—UpToDate
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/insulin-resistance-definition-and-clinical-spectrum?search=insulin%20resistance&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#topicContent
4. Obesity as the Main Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome in Children
5. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance
Cited by
14 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献