Quantification of Human Photoreceptor–Retinal Pigment Epithelium Macular Topography with Adaptive Optics–Optical Coherence Tomography

Author:

Liu Zhuolin1ORCID,Aghayee Samira1,Soltanian-Zadeh Somayyeh1,Kovalick Katherine1,Agrawal Anant1ORCID,Saeedi Osamah2ORCID,Cukras Catherine3,Chew Emily Y.3,Farsiu Sina4,Hammer Daniel X.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA

2. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA

3. Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA

Abstract

Photoreceptors (PRs) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells form a functional unit called the PR-RPE complex. The PR-RPE complex plays a critical role in maintaining retinal homeostasis and function, and the quantification of its structure and topographical arrangement across the macula are important for understanding the etiology, mechanisms, and progression of many retinal diseases. However, the three-dimensional cellular morphology of the PR-RPE complex in living human eyes has not been completely described due to limitations in imaging techniques. We used the cellular resolution and depth-sectioning capabilities of a custom, high-speed Fourier domain mode-locked laser-based adaptive optics–optical coherence tomography (FDML-AO-OCT) platform to characterize human PR-RPE complex topography across the temporal macula from eleven healthy volunteers. With the aid of a deep learning algorithm, key metrics were extracted from the PR-RPE complex of averaged AO-OCT volumes including PR and RPE cell density, PR outer segment length (OSL), and PR/RPE ratio. We found a tight grouping among our cohort for PR density, with a mean (±SD) value of 53,329 (±8106) cells/mm2 at 1° decreasing to 8669 (±737) cells/mm2 at 12°. We observed a power function relationship between eccentricity and both PR density and PR/RPE ratio. We found similar variability in our RPE density measures, with a mean value of 7335 (±681) cells/mm2 at 1° decreasing to 5547 (±356) cells/mm2 at 12°, exhibiting a linear relationship with a negative slope of −123 cells/mm2 per degree. OSL monotonically decreased from 33.3 (±2.4) µm at 1° to 18.0 (±1.8) µm at 12°, following a second-order polynomial relationship. PR/RPE ratio decreased from 7.3 (±0.9) µm at 1° to 1.5 (±0.1) µm at 12°. The normative data from this investigation will help lay a foundation for future studies of retinal pathology.

Funder

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Publisher

MDPI AG

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