Assessment of the Sedia HIV Self-Test Device: Usability and Performance in the Hands of Untrained Users in Johannesburg, South Africa

Abstract

The prevalence of HIV across South Africa places a strain on testing facilities. The use of HIV self-testing (HIVST) devices has been identified as a strategy to ease the burden on these facilities. The usability and performance of the Asante HIV−1/2 Oral Self-Test (Asante) (Sedia Biosciences, Portland OR, USA) device by novice users was assessed and reported on, to inform for the implementation of such devices in South Africa and elsewhere. Convenience sampling was used. Participants used the Asante HIVST device and recorded their interpretation of their results. Participants’ interpretations were compared with those of trained professionals and, thereafter, verified using the rapid diagnostic testing algorithm. Out of the eligible participants, 410 of the 524 (78.2%) were between the ages of 18–35. The usability assessment indicates that 100% of participants used the HIVST device’s information leaflet. However, 19/524 (3.6%) of participants who yielded an invalid result due to critical errors were excluded from the primary efficacy analysis. The average usability score was 98.1%. The sensitivity and specificity results were, 94.7% and 99.8%, respectively. This study shows that the Asante HIV self-test, and similar devices, can be valuable in providing convenient HIV self-testing and immediately available results. To accommodate a greater number of inexperienced users, the instructions may need to be revised.