Analysis of Parkinson’s Disease Using an Imbalanced-Speech Dataset by Employing Decision Tree Ensemble Methods

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) currently affects approximately 10 million people worldwide. The detection of PD positive subjects is vital in terms of disease prognostics, diagnostics, management and treatment. Different types of early symptoms, such as speech impairment and changes in writing, are associated with Parkinson disease. To classify potential patients of PD, many researchers used machine learning algorithms in various datasets related to this disease. In our research, we study the dataset of the PD vocal impairment feature, which is an imbalanced dataset. We propose comparative performance evaluation using various decision tree ensemble methods, with or without oversampling techniques. In addition, we compare the performance of classifiers with different sizes of ensembles and various ratios of the minority class and the majority class with oversampling and undersampling. Finally, we combine feature selection with best-performing ensemble classifiers. The result shows that AdaBoost, random forest, and decision tree developed for the RUSBoost imbalanced dataset perform well in performance metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the geometric mean. Further, feature selection methods, namely lasso and information gain, were used to screen the 10 best features using the best ensemble classifiers. AdaBoost with information gain feature selection method is the best performing ensemble method with an F1-score of 0.903.