A Brain Morphometry Study with Across-Site Harmonization Using a ComBat-Generalized Additive Model in Children and Adolescents

Author:

Shiohama Tadashi12ORCID,Maikusa Norihide34ORCID,Kawaguchi Masahiro5ORCID,Natsume Jun56ORCID,Hirano Yoshiyuki78ORCID,Saito Keito9,Takanashi Jun-ichi9,Levman Jacob2101112,Takahashi Emi211,Matsumoto Koji13ORCID,Yokota Hajime14,Hattori Shinya13,Tsujimura Keita1516,Sawada Daisuke1,Uchida Tomoko1,Takatani Tomozumi1,Fujii Katsunori117,Naganawa Shinji18ORCID,Sato Noriko4,Hamada Hiromichi1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8677, Chiba, Japan

2. Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA

3. Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

4. Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan

5. Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan

6. Department of Developmental Disability Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan

7. Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8677, Chiba, Japan

8. United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan

9. Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, 477-96 Owadashinden, Yachiyo-shi 276-8524, Chiba, Japan

10. Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, 5005 Chapel Square, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada

11. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA

12. Nova Scotia Health Authority—Research, Innovation and Discovery Center for Clinical Research, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada

13. Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8677, Chiba, Japan

14. Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8677, Chiba, Japan

15. Group of Brain Function and Development, Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan

16. Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan

17. Department of Pediatrics, International University of Welfare and Health School of Medicine, Narita 286-8520, Chiba, Japan

18. Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan

Abstract

Regional anatomical structures of the brain are intimately connected to functions corresponding to specific regions and the temporospatial pattern of genetic expression and their functions from the fetal period to old age. Therefore, quantitative brain morphometry has often been employed in neuroscience investigations, while controlling for the scanner effect of the scanner is a critical issue for ensuring accuracy in brain morphometric studies of rare orphan diseases due to the lack of normal reference values available for multicenter studies. This study aimed to provide across-site normal reference values of global and regional brain volumes for each sex and age group in children and adolescents. We collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 846 neurotypical participants aged 6.0–17.9 years (339 male and 507 female participants) from 5 institutions comprising healthy volunteers or neurotypical patients without neurological disorders, neuropsychological disorders, or epilepsy. Regional-based analysis using the CIVET 2.1.0. pipeline provided regional brain volumes, and the measurements were across-site combined using ComBat-GAM harmonization. The normal reference values of global and regional brain volumes and lateral indices in our study could be helpful for evaluating the characteristics of the brain morphology of each individual in a clinical setting and investigating the brain morphology of ultra-rare diseases.

Funder

JSPS KAKEN

Intramural Research Grant for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of NCNP

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

NIH

Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada’s Canada Research Chair

Canada Foundation for Innovation and Nova Scotia Research and Innovation Trust infrastructure

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Clinical Biochemistry

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