Mediation Role of Recreational Physical Activity in the Relationship between the Dietary Intake of Live Microbes and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study

Author:

You Yanwei12ORCID,Chen Yuquan3,Wei Mengxian12,Tang Meihua4,Lu Yuqing25,Zhang Qi6,Cao Qiang78ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

2. School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

3. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia

4. Shanghai Fire Research Institute of Mem, Shanghai 200030, China

5. Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

6. Undergraduate Department, Taishan University, Taian 250111, China

7. Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

8. School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China

Abstract

The main topic of this research is the relationship between dietary intake of live microbe-containing (LMC) foods, recreational physical activity (RPA), and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). This study presented a cohort of 26,254 individuals in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), representing an estimated weighted population of 193,637,615 in the United States. Weighted multivariable linear regression models were used in consideration of the multi-stage sampling design. Results: The study found that medium-LMC foods were negatively associated with the SII [β (95% CI): −4.807 (−7.752, −1.862), p = 0.002], indicating that their intake was correlated with lower levels of the SII. However, no significant associations were found with low- or high-LMC foods. The study also explored the relationship between RPA and the SII, finding that more time spent in RPA was negatively associated with the SII [β (95% CI): −0.022 (−0.034, −0.011), p < 0.001]. A mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the role of RPA in the relationship between medium-LMC food intake and the SII. The analysis revealed that RPA had a notable indirect effect, contributing to 6.7% of the overall change in the SII. Overall, this study suggests that medium-LMC food intake and RPA may have beneficial effects on systemic immune inflammation.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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