Role of Periodontal Bacteria, Viruses, and Placental mir155 in Chronic Periodontitis and Preeclampsia—A Genetic Microbiological Study

Abstract

Previous studies assessed the involvement and impact of periodontal bacteria in preeclamptic women with chronic periodontitis. To explore further, the current study aimed to associate periodontal viruses and bacteria with mir155 levels in placental tissues of preeclamptic women with generalized chronic periodontitis. Four-hundred 45 pregnant women, 18–35 years of age, were selected and divided into four groups (controls, A, B, and C) where the Controls included 145 systemically and periodontally healthy pregnant women Group A-100 systemically healthy pregnant women with chronic periodontitis, Group B- 100 preeclamptic women with chronic periodontitis, Group C- 100 preeclamptic women without chronic periodontitis. Age, BMI, SES, and periodontal parameters such as PI, BOP, PPD, and CAL were noted. Periodontal pathogens such as Tf, Td, Pg, Pi, Fn, HSV, EBV, and HCMV were tested in subgingival plaque, placental tissues, and mir155. We observed that PI, BOP, PPD, CAL, Tf, and EBV were highly significant in Group B. We found a higher number of periodontal bacteria, viruses, and mir 155 in Group B showing a higher risk of preeclampsia. More genetic studies in this field are advised to ascertain the role of periodontopathogens and mir 155 in preeclampsia and periodontal inflammation. What is already known on this subject? Periodontal diseases pose an increased risk of developing preeclampsia and delivering preterm and/or low-birth-weight babies. What do the results of this study add? Periodontal variables such as PI, pocket depth, BOP, and clinical attachment levels, were found to be increased in the preeclamptic women with chronic periodontitis. The significant difference was seen in the relative fold expression of mir155 with higher gene expression of mir155 in groups B and A as compared to group C and controls. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In our study, mir155 correlation with the periodontal parameters and periodontal pathogens further strengthen the evidence of periodontal inflammation as a risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women especially when associated with chronic periodontitis. mir155 can be considered to be one of the genetic biomarkers and can be used as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of PE.