Carbon-Protected BiVO4—Cu2O Thin Film Tandem Cell for Solar Water Splitting Applications

Abstract

Carbon-protected BiVO4 photoanode and Cu2O photocathode tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC) system has been explored to reduce surface recombination and enhance the stability of the photoelectrodes. In addition to the carbon layer, the electrodeposited FeOOH nanolayer and drop-casted MoS2 co-catalyst layer on the photoanode and photocathode, respectively improve the reaction kinetics. The optimized photoanode (Mo-BiVO4/C/FeOOH) and photocathode (Cu2O/C/MoS2) produces current densities of ~1.22 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE and ~−1.48 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. RHE, respectively. The obtained photocurrent is higher than bare photoelectrodes without a carbon layer. Finally, a tandem cell has been constructed, and an unassisted current density of ~0.107 mA cm−2 is obtained for a carbon-protected BiVO4–Cu2O tandem PEC cell at zero bias. The improved stability and enhanced photocurrent of the carbon protective layer are attributed to its better charge transfer resistance and minimized surface defects. Carbon protective layer can be a viable option to improve the stability of photoelectrodes in aqueous media.