Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
Abstract
We present an overview of fundamental catalytic reactions of nucleophiles with π-systems in relation to gold chemistry. We present examples of reactions with gold-activated π-systems, alkynyl or allenyl moieties, and the regulation of their reactivity due to the presence of an electron-donating or -withdrawing group. The reactions describe furnished hard-to-reach heterocyclic building blocks for medicinal chemistry purposes. Important gold(I) or gold(III) complexes that are used as catalysts are presented. We examine the activation of such π-systems using gold(I) or gold(III) catalysts and the corresponding divergent catalytic transformations. We provide examples of divergent catalysis using gold(I) catalyst and other metal catalysts (Pt, Ag, Pd, Rh, Sc, Cu) or by changing the ligands in gold(I) catalyst complexes. We also discuss the role of the solvent, counterions and additives in gold(I)-catalyzed reactions. We mention, in a few cases, characteristic experimental or computational studies of these gold-catalyzed reactions of nucleophiles with π-systems.
Subject
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Catalysis,General Environmental Science
Reference180 articles.
1. Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of Small Rings;Mato;Chem. Rev.,2021
2. Recent Advances in Gold(III) Chemistry: Structure, Bonding, Reactivity, and Role in Homogeneous Catalysis;Rocchigiani;Chem. Rev.,2021
3. Construction of Medium-Sized Rings by Gold Catalysis;Reyes;Chem. Rev.,2021
4. Gold-Catalyzed Reactions of Specially Activated Alkynes, Allenes, and Alkenes;Campeau;Chem. Rev.,2021
5. Main Avenues in Gold Coordination Chemistry;Herrera;Chem. Rev.,2021