Optimizing Citrate Combustion Synthesis of A-Site-Deficient La,Mn-Based Perovskites: Application for Catalytic CH4 Combustion in Stoichiometric Conditions

Abstract

LaMnO3-based perovskites are widely recognized as promising catalysts for several oxidation reactions, but the final physicochemical and catalytic properties can be greatly influenced by the adopted synthesis procedure. In this work, a series of A-site-deficient perovskites of composition La0.8MnO3 and La0.8Mn0.9B0.1O3 (B = Ni, Cu) were prepared through the citrate combustion route with variations in two synthesis parameters: a citric acid/metal cations molar ratio (CA/M) of either 1.1 or 1.5 and either acidic (given by HNO3 + citric acid) or neutral (after NH3 addition) pH of the precursor solution. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, H2-TPR, O2-TPD, N2 physisorption, SEM-EDX and XPS. Acidic pH coupled with a CA/M ratio of 1.1 clearly emerged superior among all the other combinations of the two parameters, resulting in smaller crystallite size, higher surface area and porosity, enhanced Mn4+ reducibility and the ability to release oxygen species; these features were even further improved by B-site substitution with 10 mol% Ni and Cu cations. The synthesized catalysts were tested in CH4 oxidation to CO2 under stoichiometric O2, confirming the great superiority of samples prepared in acidic pH with a CA/M ratio of 1.1. Ni and Cu doping had a beneficial effect on catalytic activity, which, however, was more evident for less optimized perovskites (acidic pH and CA/M ratio of 1.5), without significance differences among the two dopants.