Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolites as Mediators of DNA Methylation Reprogramming in Bovine Preimplantation Embryos

Author:

Ispada Jessica,da Fonseca Junior Aldcejam Martins,de Lima Camila Bruna,dos Santos Erika Cristina,Fontes Patricia KuboORCID,Nogueira Marcelo Fábio GouveiaORCID,da Silva Vinicius Lourenço,Almeida Fernanda NascimentoORCID,Leite Saul de Castro,Chitwood James Lee,Ross Pablo Juan,Milazzotto Marcella Pecora

Abstract

In many cell types, epigenetic changes are partially regulated by the availability of metabolites involved in the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Even so, the association between metabolism and the typical epigenetic reprogramming that occurs during preimplantation embryo development remains poorly understood. In this work, we explore the link between energy metabolism, more specifically the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and epigenetic regulation in bovine preimplantation embryos. Using a morphokinetics model of embryonic development (fast- and slow-developing embryos), we show that DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) are dynamically regulated and altered by the speed of the first cleavages. More specifically, slow-developing embryos fail to perform the typical reprogramming that is necessary to ensure the generation of blastocysts with higher ability to establish specific cell lineages. Transcriptome analysis revealed that such differences were mainly associated with enzymes involved in the TCA cycle rather than specific writers/erasers of DNA methylation marks. This relationship was later confirmed by disturbing the embryonic metabolism through changes in α-ketoglutarate or succinate availability in culture media. This was sufficient to interfere with the DNA methylation dynamics despite the fact that blastocyst rates and total cell number were not quite affected. These results provide the first evidence of a relationship between epigenetic reprogramming and energy metabolism in bovine embryos. Likewise, levels of metabolites in culture media may be crucial for precise epigenetic reprogramming, with possible further consequences in the molecular control and differentiation of cells.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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