An EEMD-BiLSTM Algorithm Integrated with Boruta Random Forest Optimiser for Significant Wave Height Forecasting along Coastal Areas of Queensland, Australia

Abstract

Using advanced deep learning (DL) algorithms for forecasting significant wave height of coastal sea waves over a relatively short period can generate important information on its impact and behaviour. This is vital for prior planning and decision making for events such as search and rescue and wave surges along the coastal environment. Short-term 24 h forecasting could provide adequate time for relevant groups to take precautionary action. This study uses features of ocean waves such as zero up crossing wave period (Tz), peak energy wave period (Tp), sea surface temperature (SST) and significant lags for significant wave height (Hs) forecasting. The dataset was collected from 2014 to 2019 at 30 min intervals along the coastal regions of major cities in Queensland, Australia. The novelty of this study is the development and application of a highly accurate hybrid Boruta random forest (BRF)–ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)–bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) algorithm to predict significant wave height (Hs). The EEMD–BiLSTM model outperforms all other models with a higher Pearson’s correlation (R) value of 0.9961 (BiLSTM—0.991, EEMD-support vector regression (SVR)—0.9852, SVR—0.9801) and comparatively lower relative mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0214 (BiLSTM—0.0248, EEMD-SVR—0.043, SVR—0.0507) for Cairns and similarly a higher Pearson’s correlation (R) value of 0.9965 (BiLSTM—0.9903, EEMD–SVR—0.9953, SVR—0.9935) and comparatively lower RMSE of 0.0413 (BiLSTM—0.075, EEMD-SVR—0.0481, SVR—0.057) for Gold Coast.